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The damp zones and the man
For a lot of time in the imaginary collective, the swamps and the ponds you/they have represented for the man how much more desolating and negative there can be. This is still the traditional image that survives today in the majority of the people. Who has lived instead in before person the experience of a damp zone, he/she will speak to you of the sudden flight of a heron from the reed, of the flight of a flock of ducks, of a to swarm of life as in few other natural environments.
In effects thing is a damp zone? The term damp zone is very ample and understands a vast variety of environments that according to the definition given by the Convention of Ramsar for the protection and the maintenance of these zones, it gathers: "marshy areas, swampy, morbid or however water's mirrors, natural or artificial, permanent or temporary with firm or current, brackish or salty water, I understood the lines of sea, whose depth doesn't exceed the six meters with the low tide." Places therefore, where a special match establishes him between the earth and the water. The union among the two elements produces unique environments and irripetibili, fragile and rich, fascinating and unknown, to approach with a lot of discretion, to know, to love and to protect. There has been always a privileged relationship between the man and the damp environments.
Exemplary in this sense you/he/she has been the Egyptian civilization, developed him on the delta of the Nile and that it used for millennia the floods of the river, principal resource. The local populations had attracted from the abundance of fish, game, vegetation and from the great availability of water that allowed to periodically cultivate the flooded grounds and to make to freely pasture in the grasslands the livestock in the grasslands. Traditional activity what the fishing or the pastorizia come today still practiced with success on the Nile, as of however it happens in so many other damp zones of the world. These environments are important for the man both from the biological (the damp zones are among the ecosystems richest in life in absolute, second for productivity only to the tropical forests) point of view, that economic and social. They have besides a remarkable ecological role of which the man daily picks up the benefits. Functions what: control of the plants, the waters' purification, stabilization of the coasts, control of the erosive activity, party of sediments and pollutants and stabilization of the microclima are some of the advantages that the damp zones furnish to the man.
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Some numbers on the migrations
Every year esteems him that svernino in Africa over 5 million birds. The record of known migratory flight is of the arctic Sterna or codalunga with almost 25.000 Km. ini some individuals; since this bird can also live 25 years, the distance covered only in its life for the migratory moves can reach an order of greatness around 1 million km!
The middle distance of a direct European migrant in Africa and of 5000 Km., completed in about 100 days. The greatest part of the European birds complete for a long time tappe with a daily advancement 60-75 km among the small migrants ray (beccafichi and capinere). Swallows, sterne and limicoli complete instead drawn of 150-200 Km. a day. The kinds of European birds are rare that complete the migratory flight in an only or in few tappes. Among these it detaches the Snipe, with runs no-stop of 5000-7500 Km.
The speed of the flight is always not constant; curtains to increase during the overcoming of barriers (es. mountains and deserts), while near some kinds the adults badminton faster than the young people. The cruising speed of some kinds: Colombaccio and real German 60 km / h, Swift 40 km / h, Cinciarella 29 km./h.
Also the height of the flight is varying among the kinds, in relationship to the type of territory that he is crossing. In Europe they are the geese and the swans to reach the greatest quotas (actually to 8000-8500 ms.), while the greatest part of the kinds move him remaining under the 2000 ms. The known world record is that of a Griffon of Ruppell (Gyps rueppelli), ended in the reactors of an airplane in the skies above the ivory Coast, to a quota of 11.300 ms.!
Finally in Italy the point of great concentration of migrants is the narrow one of Messina, with a passage of 18.000 individuals of average only considering the birds of prey and the great gliders (es. storks).
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Narrow of Messina
Italy is in a strategic position for the migration because it represents a natural bridge between Europe and Africa. In spring and in autumn, on the Narrow one of Messina besides Falconidae, Accipitridae, Pandionidae and Ciconidae, a lot of other kinds of birds can be observed. Among the passeriformis the rigogolo you/they can be quoted, the black nanny, the nanny from the collar, the luės, the pigliamosche, the culbianco, the monachella, the codirossis, the stiaccino, the chaffinch, the goldfinch, the linnet, the cutrettola, the swallow, the topino, the balestruccio, the reddish swallow. Among the columbiformis there are turtle doves and colombacci, among the coraciformis the gruccione, among the galliformis the quail, among the apodiformis the swifts greatest and pale.Also many aquatic birds choose this rout and they stop him in the brackish lakes of Point Lighthouse and Ganzirri in Sicily and in the Slush of Salty Joniche in Calabria: anseriformi, caradriformi, among which particularly the occhione, gruiformi with the gruidis and the rallidis, ardeidi, podicipediformi.
The places of observation are various and according to the wind different points of observation are chosen. The best wind to make observations is that from northwest while with the sirocco they are observed in the first days many birds of prey that arrive low because exhausted and tried by the wind, then the transit almost entirely annuls him. With the north wind places as Portella of Castanea are privileged, Willow, Mountain Flesh, Ferrule Chiarino and Mountain Dinnammare while with the south wind they are served observations as Castanea, Saint Rosalia and along the coast from Tower Lighthouse.
The best period to make observations on the Narrow one is actually from beginning April to end May although the period more recommended and among end April and the first 15 days of May. In this period you/he/she can happen to absolutely assist to thrilling days with a passage of 1.000-5.000 birds of prey in one day; in these occasions an instant is not stopped looking, to count, to identify, to point out; there are breakers in which you don't know indeed whether to look, in which you are undecided whether to help to count a group more of 200 pecchiaiolis or to enjoy you an anatraia that is passing in low slip, whether to observe the black Storks that circle or whether to devote you to a male of pale that grazes the fields.
Every year a Field is organized for the protection and the observation of the Birds of prey (and of all the migrants generally); such field develops him to Messina from the 1° of April to the 30 of May (and to end Reggio April). The field is the best occasion to make a vacation of birdwatching and relaxation on the Narrow one, as well as to contribute to the protection of the birds of prey, storks and birds in migratory transit. For this field, indeed vital for the struggle to the poaching, the presence of volunteers is fundamental.
To book is enough to send an e-mail f.corso@isabenergy.inet.it or to phone the organizers: Ann Giordano 090-315362 and Deborah Ricciardi 090-2936876 or to the 0360-987616.
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The Biviere of Gela
And' one of the most important damp zones in Sicily; it is found to around 8 southeast Km of the inhabited area of it Freezes, from which is easily attainable crossing the road for Scoglitti. For the geographical position, the conditions climatic and other factors, the Biviere of it Freezes it is one of the most important areas for the standstill during the migrations and the move of numerous aquatic birds that every year moves him from Africa to the North Europe and vice versa. For the numerous presence, above all during the migrations, of rare birds what the Spatula, the Mignattaio and the Moretta Tabaccata, the Biviere, that is the greatest Sicilian coastal lake and one of the few remained dispositions, makes Italian part of the damp zones recognized by the Convention of Ramsar.
The Sicilian Region in 1997 has founded the Directed Natural Reserve Biviere of it Freezes, submitting her/it in management to the LIPU (it Ties Italian Protection Birds) that hocks him for the protection of the area from years.
Garzette can easily be seen, ashy Herons, Nitticore, Sgarze ciuffetto. Frequent also the meeting with the Rider of Italy (bird wader from the long red legs and from the feathers white-black) and with the Avocetta (with the characteristic beak to the insų). Finally, the Partridge of sea that prefers to nest to earth to the borders of the shore.
The Flora of the Biviere understands vegetable associations that introduce a rich variety of kind. Trees, bushes, flowers, orchids, cried aquatic and of shore they enrich the environment and damage shelter and food to many animals. The submerged vegetation is characterized by the presence of two idrofites: the common Brasca and the common Ceratofillo. Moving himself/herself/itself from the shores of the lake, him "perceives" the marshy Scirpo, the Cattail and the Straw of swamp that it grows in the zones where, for some periods of the year, the level of the water goes down below the apparatus ipogeo.
On the most elevated areas of the Reserve, residual of Mediterranean stain with Locusts, dwarf Palms and bushes of Rosemary and wild Thyme. In spring interesting varieties of orchids also bloom, among which the endemic Ophrius oxyrhychos.
The reserve is open every day of the week.
It is possible to visit accompanies her/it from naturalistic guides.The offices of the reserve are open to her times the whole annodalle times 8,30 at 13,30 and from the 14,30 at 17,30 o'clock.
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Oasis Montallegro
The oasis, among Agrigento and Sciacca in proximity of the sea. an artificial basin in phase of complete rinaturalizzazione, includes different environmental typologies, from the deep waters to the vegetation ripariale along the banks, from the low and muddy waters to the small but dense reeds. To the center of the lake, deep waters are especially frequented in winter by numerous groups of Sea crows and Svassi you increase, attracted by the abundance of fishes, principal food source for both the kinds.
During the migrations they are instead the Moriglionis and the Morettes to populate the central portion of the lake dipping himself/herself/itself to the search of algae and other aquatic plants. The zones with lower water, obviously next to the banks, you/they are used by a lot of kinds of aquatic birds during the migrations and in winter: herons as the ashy heron, particularly abundant, the Garzetta and the Nitticora, ducks as the Marzaiola, the Canapiglia, the Mestolone from the characteristic beak, the Codone and the Fischione that it at times is possible to also see in the surrounding sea and limicoli as the small Piro Piro, the Pantana and the Albastrello, the Fighter and the Snipe, the Sandpiper pancianera and the Curlew.
The reed and the marshy vegetation along the banks welcome the nests of the Tuffetto, of the Coot and more aloft of the Cannaiola while the woods of Willow and Tamerice give shelter to a lot of kinds of small passeriformi, increasing the difference of the environment and the present avifauna. The Even though of artificial origin, the lake has also attracted for a long time other animal kinds. Among these it deserves a particular quotation the marshy (symbol of the oasis) Turtle, a rare reptile and located in Sicily, here present with a stable and numerous population. It is not difficult to observe some exemplary ones of this kind intents to "to catch the sun" along the shores and looking for food to earth or in water: molluscs, worms, amphibians and them larvas and small fishes are the sought after preys. A crowd of butterflies and dragonflies and of other Bugs, more communes in spring and in the summer, it completes the panorama faunistico of the oasis.
A Path nature crosses big part of the perimeter of the lake and the oasis and concludes him with a capanno of observation, from whether to be able to observe the aquatic birds limiting the trouble. Mascherature of straws and didactic and informative panels currently complete the structures in endowment to the oasis.
The visit along the path nature is free and you/he/she can always be effected during the year. For driven visits, you recommend to groups and scolaresche, it is necessary to tell and to contact the Section LIPU in Agrigento, near Savior Grenci, (tel. 0922/474541). booking the accompaniment.
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Capo Rama (province Palermo)
Mail along the oriental coast of the vast Gulf of Castellammare, is constituted by a cliff, tall over 30 ms, carved in the limestones of bluff mesozoici, whose level summit is covered with an edge of stain to broom (Spartium junceum) and olive (Olea oleaster) and interesting kind of the flora rocky coastline among which the caper (thorny Capperis). They nest you numerous kinds of birds of the stain and others stop you during the migrations. The most meaningful presence, for the beauty of the plumage and the harmony of the song, it is that of the solitary (Monticola solitarius) sparrow.
The natural reserve that reverts in the town territory of Countess Entellina, therefore in the provincial territory palermitano, offers a natural space to the passage of numerous swarms of migratory birds. The proximity with other two centers of notable historical interest like the archaeological site of the ancient city of Elima and the same city of Entellina with its strong Albanian ethnic traditions makes the tourist and cultural impulse of the zone great.
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Vendicari
The reserve of Vendicari extends him on a surface of around 1512 hectares on a line of the low coast that goes from Known toward Pachino, containing naturalistic and historical aspects of great interest.
The marshes take the name of Small slush, Great slush, slush Roveto, slush Sichilli and slush Scirbia.
Vendicari is known however as the heaven of the migratory birds and besides constitutes one of the few Sicilian zones in which different kinds typical of the marshy environments find the proper habitat for the nest-building. They are around 180 the kinds that are been censussed and that they find you the place of ideal standstill during the spring and autumn migrations, among these they show up kind that in their trips toward the areas of African svernamento, they regularly pass from our damp zones and at times they stop as the Flamingos and the Spatula.
Among the birds that the reserve entertains there am also kind that occasionally appears only to our latitudes as the real Swan, one of the greatest European birds, the spectacular waders and big contingent of birds of ripa, small waders that can be observed along the banks of the mirrors of water and in proximity of the coastal dunes the dwarf Sandpiper. Other kinds of limicoli certainly more communes are the Gossiper, the Sandpiper pancianera, called this way for the ample black stain of the abdomen that characterizes the summer plumage, the real Pittima and the smaller Pittima of it, the greatest Curlew. However, one of the most amazing shows in the suggestive scenery of the slush of Vendicari are certainly offered by the thousand of ducks that spend the winter in the reserve among which the Volpoca, the Mestolone, the Moretta tabaccata, the real German. Among the other tied up kinds to the environment of the slush they are to also remember the white Stork, the black Stork and the Crane, that irregularly appear during the periods of footstep, the ashy heron and the red heron, the Garzetta, the Avocetta, besides different kinds of gulls, as the coral Gull, the Gabbianello, the rosy Gull and the Gull raced that svernano in the Mediterranean and they assemble him on our coasts during the winter in coincidence with the bad conditions of the sea. Among the nesting ones, besides the Fratino, they are to also signal water's Gallinella, the Porciglione, the Coot and the Tarabusino that reproduce him in the part most northern of the reserve frequenting the thick reed and primarily exploiting the damp zone of sweet water that is you.
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Oasis Simeto
The territory delimited as it reserves natural Oasis of the Simeto it is what he/she remains of an ancient and vast marshy ecosystem that extended him to south of the city of Catania and that he/she included different damp zones, among which that of Agnone, Valsavoia and of Slush in Catania. The environments survived to the antropizzazione of this area, reverting in the reserve I am: the lake Gornalunga, formed by the homonym tributary of the Simeto; the lake Gurnazza, embanked by the coastal dunes; the Salatelles, vast brackish marshes, formed by the capillarity of the coastal zone; the new mouth, cut out after the 1951 great flood and crossed by the bridge Primosole; the old auction fociale, to form of scythe, now isolated and fed by the channels Buttaceto and Jungetto.
Numerous they are the birds that, during the migration, they stop to the mouth. Ashy heron, white heron, red heron, pittima, real pittima, mignattaio, curlew, ischione, avocetta, volpoca, gilded piviere, woodcock of sea, garzetta, sgarza ciuffetto, nitticora, spatula, fighter and rider of Italy are the most representative kinds. As many numerous they are the permanent birds. In the marshy zones they are very common the gallinella of water and the coot; rarer the tuffetto, the tarabusino, the moretta tabaccata and the porciglione. Among the riparian vegetation they nest the calandrella, the nightingale of river, the beccamoschino, the cannaiola, the sways, the fratino and the linnet.
In the open zones and in the pastures they are present the calandra, the cappellaccia, the occhiocotto and the strillozzo.In the planted with trees zones we find capinere, titmouses, rampichini, jays and verdoni.The marginal or cultivated areas entertain goldfinch, verzellino, will pass more mattugia, chaffinch, saltimpalo and those you degrade, the magpie. In the bushes the blackbird is found, while in the rural areas and in the buildings the swift nests.The only birds of prey, nesting in the reserve they are the gheppio and the barn owl, that are fed of small rodents and reptiles.Over that from the birds, the patrimony faunistico of the reserve is represented from: turtle of sweet (emys orbicularis) water, natrici, snakes of big dimensions (what they are fed of fishes), rare bugs also, foxes, weasels, hares and wild rabbits.
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