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Presentation
The job of the Prof. Bellisario, insigne studious of the city of Ispica, is an historical news mine and archaeological on the part of wrap coastal ispicese that has still introduced and introduces archaeological giacimenti of greatest importance: Porto Ulisse and Punta Castellazzo.
The study certosino of the Prof. Bellisario, that it has carried to its ennesima publication, represents in absolute the first job of synthesis of the acquaintances of these situated ones is from the historical point of view, is from the archaeological and geo-topographical point of view. For this it assumes one extraordinary importance. While its study has carried to the acquaintance and signalling of numerous tombe of the necropoli of Punta Castelazzo and the ancient city of Apolline. The zone in effects had had in insufficient past interest from the local students and the Supervising of Siracusa, but they are remained the ties, the studies, the mummificazione of the territory. It has not been never made one campaign of diggings on the mainland and in the before sea.
Prof. the Bellisario with the work “Porto Ulisse and the City of Apolline” exalts its studies, exalts the history of the territory and the culture of the place. It goads “all the responsibles” to be interested for this singular one and wonderful angle of the Sicily South Orients them.
Dott. Rosario Gugliotta
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Apolline city
This part of the Sicily South Orients them, comprised between the cape of Soothes and Punta Castellazzo, always ambita from several the people who, from the immemorabili times, have insediati themselves in these pleasant places.
The historical sources, than testify presences of people in every age, are very many here and all agree in admitting the existence since the times remoter than it works them and active marine port of call (Porto Ulisse), of one ancient city along the harbour perimeter (Apolline), and of one great fortress erected on the cape of (Castellazzo), to defense of the entroterra and the port.
In these places insediarono, they lived and they prospered numerous communities of people come from the sea, accustomed to the peach and the commerce.
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Endured after the great beach of Saint Maria of the Focallo, it exceeds the scogli you of Punta Cirica and the wonderful little distant faraglioni, s' it meets a earth language that casts on the sea towards Southern Italy and delimits the western part of the bay of Porto Ulisse. It's Punta Castellazzo.
Anciently its extension had to be much advanced one to puts into effect it them, is in length that in width. Probably one grew tall on sea 300-350 meters and was wide nearly 120 meters. Today, second the catastale map, measure approximately 250 meters of length and 80 of the maximum width.
During the roman domination the most important one existed here “statio”, that is a place of pause and a “refugium”, a landing place for the ships, as it attests to the Itinerarium Antonyms. In the medioevale period castle was constructed to an imposing here, probably on one preesistente construction. After the Roman, many other people have possessed this place within: the Vandali, the Goti, the Arabs, the Normanni, the Spanish, the French, than in various historical times was settled down in this penisoletta, which to a time assured protection and shelter.
A fortress probably therefore was constructed here from the Fenici and the Greeks, in the part more exposed to Southern Italy, for the defense of the entroterra and the adjacent Port of which the penisoletta it constituted the western arm. This construction gradually was magnified and strengthened from the people who insediarono here continually, until catching up in the period normanno one considerable dimension. In the centuries succeeded to you the town-walls wall completely was eliminated and the blocks of the ancient castle were trafugati for the construction of private houses or patrizie villas. Rests of these wall were seen until first of 1900. In 1800 and 1900 Punta castellazzo it served from poor shelter to the boats of the fishermen above all in the part orients them that it repaired the beach from the Placing dominant. In the second half of 1900 it became military zone and a heliport was constructed to you, still working.
Lately this “Cape” is known to level nazionle for the discovery of one necropoli, perhaps going back to the punico period. Some small tombe to fossa have been demolished from the marosi, others nine, of anthropoid shape inside, have been opened from the Supervising of Ragusa in the month of November 2002 and never introduce characteristics noticed in this zone. In the part exposed to East of the penisoletta full of rocks layers of several ages, rich of ceramics of various invoice are noticed. In some drawn going back fire traces emerge to peiodi many antichi. Of the rest all the surrounding sea is richest of reperti precious, some of which have been recover to you. Here the city of Apolline rose, as Fazello testifies. The city extended also along all the hill of forehead to the penisoletta, on a declivity situated between it puts into effect them barracks of the Financial police, the Tawny Marsh and Punta Castellazzo. More rests do not exist than this takeover, but one adapted campaign of diggings could reserve much surprise us.
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Name of the ancient city: "Apolline"
Sure here, therefore, city of ancient origins rose one. A lot important and strategically very located, attended that it was found to manage one of the greatest ports of the Southeastern Sicily, exactly Porto Ulisse, and on one of the struck routes more of the antiquity for the commerce between Greece, Malta and the countries of the East and Africa. But qual'era this “famous and beautiful” city about which Fazello speaks? Which' was its name? All the students are agree in identifying such city with “Apolline”.
It's probable that such name can have been tax from the first Greek communities that insediarono here around VIII the century a.C., attended that in honor of Apollo Archegete, second the testimony of Tucidide, came raised a tempio when colony proceeded itself to the foundation of one. And the presence of a tempio dedicated here to Apollo is attested from all the ancient historical sources. And sure to the time of the such Roman city had to be a lot flourishing and active, like also its marine port of call, situated to little meters from the perimeter of the city: Porto Ulisse, called from Guide Odysseae Portus. A zone highly trades them, inasmuch as they met all the products of the entroterra, wine, pellami, meat, frumento here, etc, that they came loads to you on the ships for being sold to Rome or in East. A rich city protesa towards the markets Africans, italici and orients them. The Sicily southern center, in fact, between the II and IV the century d.C., were prechosen from the Roman like earth of delights and land exploitation. Here innumerevoli small farms were created and agglomerate to you rural with relative necropoli.
To this the takeover of Quarry of Ispica), distant must be added that to the ancient Spaccaforno sure (from Porto Ulisse and Apolline less than ten kilometers, already to the time of the come one of the Greeks, and during the roman domination, it was sure a lot inhabited, like attest the rests of still existing the rupestri takeovers, for which there is from thinking to an intense traffic trades them between the inhabitants of the inside towards the coastal citizen whose port remained active until first of the 1800's.
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The activity of the inhabitants of Apolline
The first communities that insediarono to Punta Castellazzo and used the port were sure given over to the peach, but mostly they practiced an intense commerce with the people of entroterra and the those of all Mediterranean. And in fact the exchange of coming from valuable goods from the markets was active orients them and Africans, like stoffe, you arm, scents, manufatti of ceramics, that it came bartered with the raw materials, like leathers, hides, frumento, wine, oil, etc…, produced of which the Sicily was rich.
The Greeks, subsequently, beyond that to dedicate itself to the commerce, practiced with skill not only the peach of height of tonni and the fish the sword, but also the art of the conservation of the fish that exported in all Mediterranean. In all the Sicily was handicraft industries for the salatura of the fished one already from the time of the Fenici. And sure to Pachino and Marzamemi one existed since the remotest times construction for the conservation of the fish. To Portopalo, where an ancient one tonnara of Belmonte property exists that still comes activated periodically, even if the tonni they seem passings from some decades, is tutt' today alive the tradition duffle-coat of the handicraft conservation of the fish.
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Subsequently, in the roman period, large it had succeeded preparing made up of fish, the Garum, to whose preparation and commercialization sure the population of Apolline was dedicated actively, as they made the communities marinare of Marzamemi, Pachino and Portopaleo, beyond that of all the Mediterranean basin. The Garum had one fundamental economic importance in the antiquity because considered one prelibatezza a lot searched but expensive. It was a species of obtained sauce making to macerate with knows them in appropriate bathtubs intestines of clears or of tonni, to time it stirs to you with other small fish. In the roman period it came used like sauce from condimento, sometimes miscelato with wine, oil, vinegar, water.
All the prepared one came made to soften in the pickling brine in order at least two months to the heat of the sun, therefore it came leaked, obtaining a valuable part and “liquamen” of minor pregio.
To Portopalo, in the beach of forehead to the “Fort”, Voza discovered of “silos” of cocciopesto where it came conserved the liquamen, for the preparation of the salato fish and the garum.
These containers, of round and square shape, still today can admire, but badly they are conserved in means to a sterpaglia that it risks to make to lose these ancient ones reperti.
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The roman ship to Porto Ulisse
In the 1962 some laborers who worked in the part orient them of the “Longarini Marsh”, while they executed with mechanical means the cleaning of the main channel on behalf of the Consortium of Reclamation of the Swamps of Ispica to the aim to facilitate the outflow of waters tinning towards the sea, found a property left at death one of an ancient ship that then was assessed to be bizantina. All the land in which they came you execute the digging jobs makes part of the great depressionaria plain, where once Porto Ulisse arrived that, towards the end of 1700, for he perhaps arranges phenomena to you of bradisismi and of insabbiamento, impaludò giving life it he puts into effect them Longarini Marsh.
They were archeologi the Americans G. Capitan and P. Trock Morton of the University of the Pennsylvania, with the collaboration of Bernabò Brea, that they will proceed to the recovery and the catalogazione of pieces. It was confirmed that a lignea plate on which was carved an equine head and some painted Greek letters was burnt for error from the laborers who executed the digging.
Hour attends that the Common one of Ispica fastly prepares the center in which could be exposed the ship after the restoration.
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