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The carrubo (scientific name: ceratonia siliqua - family: papilionaceae.) she without a doubt constitutes one of the elements that mainly the landscape of the Sicily characterizes and, specifically that one of the iblea area. This is strongly contraddistinto from the presence of this arboreal species whose importance does not have to be considered solo from the productive point of view, but also according to the fact that the carob tree, in marginal areas also of our country, coastal, with poor grounds and problems of deficiency of water, proposes itself like only practicable cultivation even if in presence of more rather reduced yields, contributing to the safeguard of the territory is under the associate-economic aspect that under that idrogeologico. It has, therefore, a double valence, as tree from fruit and tree ornaments them, carrying out various functions (productive and landscaped) that, often, they turn out bound together.
As far as the productive aspects, to world-wide level, like previously pointed out, a renewed interest is recorded that gushes also from new uses of the fruit and, in particular, of the seed. In fact, if in passed the polpa were used for the feeding, it is animal that human, today this can consider a by-product and comes nearly used exclusively for the mangimistica industry. And' the seed of the carob tree that it has, instead, assumed greater relative importance (even if in past always is considered for its characteristics of uniformità of the weight) and its it derives find employment to you in the food industry, druggist and cosmetic.
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Habitat: plant xerofila, little demanding, that it grows in barren grounds, full of rocks, limestone, pushing itself from zones near the coasts until approximately 400 meters of quota.
Description: plant sempreverde, from the arboreal portamento, that it can catch up approximately the 10-15 meters of height. It introduces chioma a lot developed, wide and driven in, and massive log with ramifications that are originated close to the base. The corteccia it is fessurata, of color brunastro clearly; the leaves are coriacee, of dark green color, polish in the advanced and tawny page rossastro in that inferior.
They are inserted in alternate way in rametti of color clear gray. The flowers are small, ermafroditi, re-uniting in infiorescenze (racemes). The fruits, call lomenti to you, are legumi of color tawny-violaceo, large and carnosi, long until 15-20 cm; you notice with the name of carob trees, they are eduli and characterize to you from one polpa sweet. It blooms from the late spring until the autumn.
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The carrubo tree is original of the Mediterranean orients them, probably of the Medium part Orients them where it is in cultivation from at least 4000 years. The plant was known well from the Greek antichi that planted seeds of this plant in Greece and Italy. There are references of the carob tree in the Bible. As an example, this plant is called also the bread of Saint Giovanni or fagiolo of the locuste because it was believed that the pods had been “locuste” that the Batiste in the wild Region had eaten Giovanni.
That history evidently was mistaken in how much Giovanni ate the locuste just migratory. Moreover, the cultivation of the carob tree came practiced also to the time of the Roman. Currently such trees come use you for scopes ornament them. The wood, hard and compact, often comes used for carpenter's shop jobs. The fruits come used in the food industry and druggist. The seeds, of lenticular shape, sayings carats, thanks to their constant weight were used in past in order to weigh gold and precious stones; from here the denomination “carats”. As far as the ancient popular sideboards sicialian, in passed it was believed that under such tree the famous “truvatura” could be recovered, a leggendario treasure. Moreover, it was thought of being able to meet, in vicinity of such tree, fairies and witches, abitatrici deductions of its rebellions. The plant has also historical and evangelico interest: in fact it is handed on that the “figliol prodigal one” has been nourished of the fruits of such tree.
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The production of fruits for tree e' much large one. The polpa sweet of this fruit, famous sin from the remotest antiquity, he is enough nourishing for which sure people they made some, a time, an important part of theirs vitto. The polpa fresh e' much gradevole and laxative has an action leggermente; sand bank, on the contrary, e' astringent. From the fermentation alcohol can be gained, while the seeds supply size and rubbers of industrial employment. Moreover with carob beans they are prepared eats me for the animals; from the rind and the leaves tannins can be extracted.
From that drift the interest that recently has been risvegliato around the carob tree that has been revalued is in economic terms that in terms of arboriculture, in fact, the cultivation of this precious tree nowadays is practiced with more criterion. The silique of the carob tree they are used in the druggist industry like members of antibiotics and still more in general terms the carob bean and its seeds are use you in vary fields to you: feeding, already cited, to the farmacosmesi; from the field zootecnici to that doctor-sanitary and that single carob bean demonstrates how many important substances is present within one. The carob tree is our territorial truth and like such it goes protected and protected.
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Main varieties of carrubo are diffused in Sicily
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CULTIVAR
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SYNONYMS
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CHARACTERISTICS
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Latinissima
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Giubiliana
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Cipriana
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Masculina
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Pianta vigorosa; produttività costante e abbondante; semi grossi.
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Racemosa
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Moresca
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Carrubba spada
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Sciabulara
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Dimensioni ridotte rispetto alla Latinissima.
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Frutti di dimensioni più piccoli di forma arcuata.
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Sciabulara Elevato contenuto zuccherino.
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Morescona
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Per alcuni sottovarietà della Racemosa
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Si distingue dalla racemosa per la fruttificazione più abbondante e costante.
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Saccarata
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Pianta maestosa, ramificazioni fitte e nodose, e meno produttiva.
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Produzione
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Produzione a grappoli.
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Falcata
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Falcata, Francisa
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Pianta di grande sviluppo. Alternante, frutti di forma arcuata, poco polposi, poco zuccherini
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Ermafrodita Bonifacio
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Di medio sviluppo e a portamento espanso; frutto lungo a basso tenore zuccherino; semi numerosi e di dimensioni medie.
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Ermafrodita Tantillo
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Portamento assurgente, internodi lunghi, produzione elevata e costante. Frutto di media lunghezza, con polpa soffice, debolmente astringente.
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