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Red tuna
Tuna factory of Favignana
Tuna factory of Capo Passero
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The tuna, for its normal appearance, is a source of wealth not only in the Mediterranean but also in the three oceans. The shape of the body, its temperature above 10 ° C to the sea and the structure of various organs allow it to reach speeds average 30Km times. The tuna, normally 2 meters long, can reach four meters and weight of six quintals. Along the coasts of Europe and neighboring Mari live 9 species Tonnidi:
-Sarda sarda, also called bonito or palamito. The length is 70 cm. Lives in the Mediterranean.
-Orcynopsis unicolor, reaches 80cm. Rarely is in the Mediterranean.
-Germo albacore, can reach one meter in length and is located in the Atlantic and the Mediterranean.
-Parathunnus obesus, typical of the Atlantic, has a squat body.
-Nethunnus albacora, typical of the Atlantic, has a slender body.
-Auxis thazard, it is in the Mediterranean.
-Euthynnus alletteratus, present in the Mediterranean, reaches a length of one meter.
-Katsuwonus pelamys rarely present in the Mediterranean, length 70 cm.
-Thunnus thynnus, the family of Scombridi. It has a body fusiforme, with head and sharp eye small. The body color ranges from blue-black back of the white belly with silver spots on the flanks. Along up to 4 meters, can also weigh 7 quintals. It is the best-known species and is present in the Atlantic that is in the Mediterranean.
During playback (May-June), are in need of hot water and deeper waters rise to the surface, approaching the coast with frequent episodes in groups towards earth. Ninety percent of the bluefin tuna in the Mediterranean was erased in a matter of two decades. There are about 50 thousand tons of fish taken each year, even though the official will carry only 32 thousand. The numbers speak for themselves: for this powerful runner Mari is the red alert. The fishing nets are pulled increasingly empty. Vessels not only continue to capture specimens below the limit, but continue to go organization of tuna in a crucial phase of their lives: reproduction. The bluefin tuna is very long and reach sexual maturity only between five and eight years. And so most of the specimens caught unable to procreate. "Ships farm, operated mainly by the Japanese market, represent the most serious threat to the survival of the species. These large vessels catch tuna in the wild for them "fattening" in special floating cages. The aim is to increase the fat content of meat until you reach the desired standards from the market. The price of meat, in fact, grows with the increase in the fat content. The flocks are identified using reconnaissance aircraft indicate that the location of fish and pilotano the arrival of ships farm. " To get around the quota limit some of the tuna are caught in large nets that are connected to floating cages. Acchiappate prey, the tuna go flying coast to deposit in cages so that tuna can be fattened and later sold. Sold as "farmed product" rather than as fish. But, in reality, this is not a real aquaculture, tuna, in fact, does not play and did grows in captivity. To stem the risk of extinction Europe launched, finally, a broad plan to protect bluefin tuna but - as requested - from fishermen should not change the conditions of fishing in the Corsican season: in fact new interventions scatteranno from 2008. The green light has come to Luxembourg by the Council of Ministers on the basis of a compromise granting an Italian request to introduce only from 30 June (ie season virtually completed) the obligation to comply with a new minimum size in tuna fishing red: no more 10 kg but 30 kg. In this battle the Italy has been able to count on the support of France. With the agreement reached, therefore, Europe can have a multi-annual plan for the recovery of stocks of bluefin tuna in the Atlantic and Mediterranean and transpose it into national law the recommendations of the International Commission for the Protection of Atlantic Tunas (Iccat), partially modified to take into account the needs and difficulties of European fishermen. Among the changes introduced is the possibility of granting compensation for the owners and staff embarked on mandatory detention periods of fishing The Iccat has, meanwhile, decided to reduce the share of bluefin tuna fishing world established in 2007 to 29,500 tonnes in 2008 to 28,500 in 2009 to 27,500 and 25,500 in 2010. The plan came into force on June 13 with the exception of the new minimum sizes and provides also bans fishing for tuna seiners in from the July to December 31, and dall'i June to 31 December for large longlines, from November 15 to May 15 for vessels by line and canes and those with pelagic trawls. At the invitation overflights by planes and helicopters to find the desks of bluefin tuna. It was expected, for the first time, an international system that will allow joint a partner to make inspections aboard ships of other partners Iccat and registering all vessels to know bluefin tuna fishing capacity exists. It will no longer be possible to tranship bluefin tuna on the high seas and landings to "farms" will be subject to prior notification obligation and tight control measures.
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